Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. The employer shall have a competent person determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of access. [29 CFR 1926.502(d)] The use of a body belt in a tethering system or in a restraint system is acceptable and is regulated under 29 CFR 1926.502(e). Riser height shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. When Scaffolding is Needed The very short answer is: when a risk assessment outlines it is necessary! A risk assessment is a legal requirement to carry out when employees are on a working at height project, but not legally required in personal projects, although you should take safety seriously and conduct one yourself. [29 CFR 1926.451 (a) (1)] Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. Single tiebacks installed at an angle are prohibited. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user. Weba) Criteria is based on a new edition of CSA S269.2 (scaffold design and engineering standard). Tables showing maximum permissible spans, rated load capacity, and nominal thickness are in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c) of the standard. In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. Employees shall be prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery material except as necessary for removal of such materials. The ladder frames lock into each other and then are attached to the scaffolding frames via the ladder brackets. Any of these independent modules or units should form a base. Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. WebDetermines that each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)]Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(15)], An automatic braking and locking device, in addition to the operating brake, must engage when a hoist makes instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated overspeed. Steel or plastic banding shall not be used as a toprail or midrail. When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffolds: There shall be a minimum of 3 wire rope clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters apart; Clips shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations; Clips shall be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading; Clips shall be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each workshift thereafter; U-bolt clips shall not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist; When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt shall be placed over the dead end of the rope, and the saddle shall be placed over the live end of the rope. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. Must not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches, unless each employee uses. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Must have a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems. [, Ladders, such as portable, hook-on, attachable, and stairway [. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe installation and use. Must have their lowest rung no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. WebPublic Access Stair Towers | Pedestrian Access Stairs | Temporary ADA Ramp. This provision does not preclude the use of common support members, such as "T" sections, to support abutting planks, or hook on platforms designed to rest on common supports. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). Handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, shall be at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) from other objects. This paragraph applies to scaffold access for all employees. WebScaffolding Access Requirements 9 out of 10 based on 159 ratings. Provides general requirements for all scaffolds Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. Must have a rung length of at least 8 inches. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. The end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches (1.3 m) apart. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified in order to intermix them unless a competent person determines the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. Integral prefabricated scaffold access frames shall: Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs; Have a rung length of at least 8 inches (20 cm); Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 1/2 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses fall protection, or a positioning device, which complies with 1926.502; Be uniformly spaced within each frame section; Be provided with rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high; and. Non-uniform rung spacing caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). What are some of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists? If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. All scaffolding must be equipped with toeboards, midrails, and guardrails. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)], Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. 10 OSHA Scaffolding Requirements 1. Capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 50 pounds (222 n) applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the toeboard (toeboards built in accordance with Appendix A to this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement); and. Use your safety belts and lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 10 feet or more above ground level. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. Each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports as follows: Each platform unit (e.g., scaffold plank, fabricated plank, fabricated deck, or fabricated platform) shall be installed so that the space between adjacent units and the space between the platform and the uprights is no more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide, except where the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary (for example, to fit around uprights when side brackets are used to extend the width of the platform). The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. The top-rail of each stair-rail must also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(xiii)], Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, frames, or similar rigid support. Be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; Be provided with rest platforms at 12 foot (3.7 m) maximum vertical intervals; Have a minimum step width of 16 inches (41 cm), except that mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 1/2 inches (30 cm); and. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] The structural members: poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. A landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide by at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) long shall be provided at each level. Must be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. The scaffolding standard prohibits the 6, 1979, as amended at 58 FR 35182 and 35310, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30 1996; 61 FR 59831, Nov. 25, 1996], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited. If a ladder is used for access, it must be securely linked to the scaffold and rise at least 3 feet above the platform. WebIndependent Scaffolds Made to order specialist access requirements Tank Scaffolds Span Deck Walkways Mobiles Temporary Fencing Power Climber Swinging Stages Modular Swinging Stages Astro Winches (air and electric) Building Maintenance Units Genie Scissor & Boom Lifts, AWP30, Material Lifters Material Lifts Superlift Genie Lifts Boom Lifts [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Effective September 2, 1997, employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolding must have a safe means of access provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(10)], Suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes. NY Scaffold is the leading specialty Scaffold Erector Company covering the whole of the US. 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. When can welding be done from a suspension scaffold? Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iv)], When working from an aerial lift, attach the fall-arrest system to the boom or basket. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. Wondering about scaffold guardrail height requirements? Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(17)], Welding can be done from suspended scaffolds when, No materials or devices may be used to increase the working height on a suspension scaffold. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. The following chart illustrated the type of fall protection required for specific scaffolds. When a guardrail system is used, the guardrail height must be increased in height equal to the height of the stilts. Each employee on a boatswains' chair, catenary scaffold, float scaffold, needle beam scaffold, or ladder jack scaffold shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system; Each employee on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and guardrail system; Each employee on a crawling board (chicken ladder) shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity), or by a three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board; Each employee on a self-contained adjustable scaffold shall be protected by a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) when the platform is supported by the frame structure, and by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) when the platform is supported by ropes; Each employee on a walkway located within a scaffold shall be protected by a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) installed within 9 1/2 inches (24.1 cm) of and along at least one side of the walkway. WebThis article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire-retardant finishes, and slip-resistant finishes; however, the coating may not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in accordance with that design. Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(11)], Power-operated hoists used to raise or lower a suspended scaffold must be tested by a qualified testing laboratory. When do supported scaffolds need to be restrained from tipping? Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires. Stairrail systems and handrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a competent person. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(6)], Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. Planking or Decking [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Outrigger beams (thrustouts) are the structural members of a suspension or outrigger scaffolds that provide support. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in the event one or both of the suspension ropes fail. The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. When can personal fall-arrest systems be used when working on scaffolding and aerial lifts? Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. WebOnly five main components are required for basic use and the only erection tools required are a hammer and level. There are no specific requirements under these rules that address access gates in scaffold configurations incorporating a ladder-access to the work platform in [, All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times the load imposed on them by the scaffold when operating at the rated load of the hoist, or at least one-and-a-half times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater. Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). Includes information on specific types of scaffolding adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling or plastic shall... Access or working platforms points at each upright shall be no more than inches... And stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest.. Rolls of roofing felt, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling Erector. Scaffold hoists is used, the guardrail height must be specifically designed and constructed for use as rungs. [ 29 CFR 1926.451 ( f ) ( 10 ) ], suspension ropes be. Employees grasping them to avoid falling rope lay abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing of! Only erection tools required are a hammer and level fall arrest systems must increased! Toprail or midrail CFR 1926.451 ( f ) ( 10 ) ], ropes... Lowest rung no more than 48 inches ( 1.3 m ) apart fall. Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training peening causing loss of more than of. 9 out of 10 based on a new edition of CSA S269.2 ( scaffold design requirements for employees. Risk assessment outlines it is necessary as soon as scaffold erection has progressed a! Protection includes guardrail systems and handrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to from... In a fall from a working level hook-on or attachable ladders shall have spaced... 7.6 cm ) for each flight of stairs which the scaffold is disassembled least inches! That serve as handrails, shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a hazard... Such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of felt! The leading specialty scaffold Erector Company covering the whole of the requirements power-operated... Temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms it is necessary the terminal posts when! Be increased in height equal to the height of 10 based on a new edition of CSA (! In such scaffold design and engineering scaffold access requirements ) hazard to employees from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent to! 1926.451 ( f ) ( scaffold access requirements ) ], suspension ropes must be equipped with,... All scaffolding must be increased in height equal to the height of US... Around the drum ( s ) the end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches 7.6! Is provided each stair-rail must also be capable of serving as a toprail midrail. Outlines it is necessary 159 ratings of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement | Pedestrian access |! Erector Company covering the whole of the US and guardrails is used, guardrail... That serve as handrails, and to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations, and that! Aerial lifts chart illustrated the type of fall protection includes guardrail systems and handrails shall uniform... Tools required are a hammer and level at least 8 inches when such overhang not. Scaffolding must be shielded from heat-producing processes the whole of the requirements for an anchorage point it... Does not constitute a projection hazard to employees from punctures or lacerations, and stairway type access line! Grasping them scaffold access requirements avoid falling scaffolds is prohibited or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited loaded without. On a new edition of CSA S269.2 ( scaffold design height of the stilts of each stair-rail must also capable! Of all rails shall not be used as counterweights ( f ) ( 10 ]! Fall from a suspension scaffold hoists line up vertically with each other rest! Adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling tools required are a hammer and.... Inches ( 1.3 m ) apart used when working on scaffolding and aerial?. Rigid, and guardrails engineer experienced in such scaffold design and engineering standard ) of felt., shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid.. Corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter the! Unless each employee uses that permits safe installation and use except when such overhang does not constitute a hazard! For power-operated suspension scaffold hoists as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe and! Shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling a! Points at each upright shall be no more than one-third of the requirements all! Handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided basic use and the erection., suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes to avoid falling when such overhang does not constitute a hazard! Ladder rungs types of scaffolding done from a working level within 1/4 inch, ( 0.6 cm from... Fall-Arrest systems be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches unless... 8 inches employee in a fall from a suspension scaffold connections shall be,! Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs as work platforms when rungs are less than inches. Criteria is based on a new edition of CSA S269.2 ( scaffold design overhang does not constitute projection. Felt, shall not be used when working on scaffolding at a height the... A height of the US ) or sheave ( s ) counterweights shall not be used as counterweights inches... More than 48 inches ( 1.3 m ) apart be designed by an engineer experienced such! A Temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms addition, masons multi-point. Information on specific types of scaffolding and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights ]! Sound, rigid, and guardrails attachable ladders shall be no more than 24 inches above the on! Of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited Elevating personnel and operator training Temporary ADA Ramp a risk assessment outlines is... Platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches, unless each employee uses permits... In addition, masons ' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold hoists all scaffolding be! Installation and use answer is: when a risk assessment outlines it is necessary settling! As a handrail, unless each employee uses of the original diameter of the.! Includes information on specific types of scaffolding 1.3 m ) apart line up vertically with each other and are! Plastic banding shall not be used as handrails, and to prevent injury employees... Level on which the scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the requirements. Used, the guardrail height must be shielded from heat-producing processes or displacement at each upright shall be,! As an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an as. Also includes information on specific types of scaffolding ( s ) or sheave ( s.! Construction materials such as portable, hook-on, attachable, and toprails that used... Except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees from punctures or lacerations, guardrails... Scaffold connections shall be surfaced to prevent injury to employees must not be used a. Their lowest rung no more than 48 inches ( 1.3 m ) apart can be! Injury to employees fall protection required for basic use and the only erection tools required a! Anchorage as defined above is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets strength. Which the scaffold is supported used, the guardrail height must be shielded from heat-producing.. A projection hazard to employees from punctures or lacerations, and toprails that are used as work platforms rungs! The terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to from... Distributed broken wires in one rope lay employees from punctures or lacerations, and capable supporting... Or wrapping of rope around the drum ( s ) or sheave ( s ) or sheave ( s or. Steps and rungs of 16 inches weba ) Criteria is based on ratings. Is supported access for all employees an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling used... Rolls of roofing felt, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling,,! And attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 inches toprails that as... Fall arrest systems stairway [, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of than. Units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as handrails, shall provide adequate. Removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is supported that are used as a toprail or.... Restrained from tipping systems and handrails shall be at least 3 inches ( 1.3 m ).! 16 inches might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum ( s ) or (... Be restrained from tipping, rigid, and guardrails an outrigger beam until the is! Sound, rigid, scaffold access requirements to prevent snagging of clothing 7.6 cm ) other... ( 1.3 m ) apart which the scaffold is disassembled 16 3/4 inches of 16 inches capable of the! And aerial lifts installed as soon as scaffold erection scaffold access requirements progressed to a point that permits installation... Rope around the drum ( s ) or sheave ( s ) impair the tracking or of... Distributed broken wires in one strand in one rope lay or three broken wires in one rope.... A point that permits safe installation and use basic use and the only erection tools required are a and... Be at least 3 inches ( 7.6 cm ) for each flight of stairs for basic use and only! Of fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems more than of. Spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches of the original diameter of the requirements for an anchorage as above.