Cuba 16,367. Sixty-four percent of this subset of respondents were naturalized after the year 2000, while the remainder received U.S. citizenship before that. Further methodological details can be found in Appendix A, along with a state-wise map of survey respondents. Overall, one-third of respondents report membership in an Indian American organization. The states with the largest number of immigrants from India are California, New Jersey, and New York. The modal responseselected by 38 percent of respondentsis that some of their friends are of Indian origin. Another 31 percent report little or no participation in religious services, claiming they do so seldom or never. (Hence, the percentages do not add up to 100.) The differences are especially stark for Diwali and Indian Independence Day, where the gap between the two groups is on the order of 20 percentage points. Thirty percent of non-citizen IAAS respondents possess a green card (or a permanent residency card), which places them on a pathway to gaining U.S. citizenship. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. non-profit organization funded by charitable support and advertising. Only 26 percent of Hindus who do not identify with a caste respond to questions about the caste composition of their social networks by answering dont know. This indicates that even though a large proportion of Hindu respondents say they do not identify with a caste, only a small fraction are unaware of the caste composition of their networks. In the same exchange, Biden later added: One of the reasons why were such an incredible country is were such a diverse country. The balance (around 7 percent) consists of less frequently listed languages, ranging from Sindhi to Santali. As one might expect, both Hindus and Muslims are overwhelmingly comfortable having close friends who share their faith: 97 percent of Hindu respondents report being very or somewhat comfortable having close Hindu friends, and 96 percent of Muslims report the same. Given the fact that the majority of younger Indian Americans below age twenty-seven are born in the United States while the opposite is true of those above age twenty-seven, YouGov oversampled younger Indian Americans between the ages of eighteen and twenty-seven to ensure that the studys analyses can make inferences about generational differences within the Indian American community. How do Indian Americans perceive their own ethnic identity and how much emphasis do they place on their Indian-ness? However, there is marked variation by place of birth. To what extent do people of Indian origin encounter discriminatory behavioron what grounds and by whom? We welcome and appreciate comments onThe Dallas Express as part of a healthy dialogue. To what extent does the community exhibit signs of shared solidarity, and are there signs of division as the group grows in number and diversity? Many states have large immigrant populations from India. Just 24 percent of Indian Americans who have lived in the United States between one and ten years identify as Indian American, compared to 41 percent of those who have been here for eleven to twenty-five years and 53 percent of those who have been here for more than twenty-five years. 38 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 1213. 25 Measuring Religion in Pew Research Centers American Trends Panel, Pew Research Center, January 14, 2021, https://www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/. Other regions make up smaller shares: Europe, Canada and other North America (13%), the Caribbean (10%), Central America (8%), South America (7%), the Middle East and North Africa (4%) and sub-Saharan Africa (5%). Twenty-nine percent of respondents report that most or all of their friends are from the same region of India. Figure 19 displays the responses to this question, collapsing five response categories into three for ease of exposition. All rights reserved. Given the degree of partisan polarization present in U.S. politics, the survey examines how much this polarization is present within the Indian American community as well. There were 10.5 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. in 2017, accounting for 3.2% of the nations population. 2) Population estimates for stateswith an immigrant population under 2,000 persons are not provided due to insufficient sample size. Twenty-seven percent of respondents report that they attend religious services (apart from weddings and funerals) once a week or more than once a week. This is possibly a reflection of Indias current political climate. Finally, respondents born in the United States are also significantly more likely to report that they have a spouse or partner who is not of Indian origin: 29 percent of U.S.-born respondents compared to just 15 percent of foreign-born respondents. These findings raise two questions worthy of further exploration: Why does political polarization among Indian Americans differ from that characterizing Americans at large? The remainder of the sample hails from a range of countries stretching from the United Kingdom to Trinidad & Tobago and Kenya. Nineteen percent of them are not comfortable having close friends associated with the BJP. It explores this contentious subject in three ways. Other popular home states include Delhi (9 percent), Punjab (8 percent), and Kerala (7 percent). Although Indian American is a contested category, the survey attempts to understand how respondents perceive the push and pull between different aspects of their identity. The top countries of origin for immigrants were India (11 percent of immigrants), Mexico (8 percent), China (6 percent), the Philippines (3 percent), and Canada (3 percent). 24 Christine Tamir, Aidan Connaughton, and Ariana Monique Salazar, The Global God Divide, Pew Research Center, July 20, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/. Some 47% of immigrants living in the U.S. five years or less are proficient. The largest immigrant group in the United States is the: Italians French Germans Irish Germans The second largest immigrant group to settle in this country is the: Italians French Germans Irish Italians By the time Greek people emigrated to this country, the demand for labor had decreased. Rounding out the list, 41 percent report celebrating Holi (the Indian festival of colors that traditionally marks the beginning of Spring), 39 percent celebrate Valentines Day, 35 percent mark Indian Independence Day (August 15), and 20 percent commemorate Eid. In many ways, the community is often portrayed as the poster child of Americas historic opening to new immigrants whoin ways big and smallhave transformed the country. Respondents are classified as belonging to one of three categories: U.S.-born citizen, foreign-born citizen, and non-citizen. Report this user for behavior that violates our Community Guidelines. And to what extent are these differences being driven by political polarization in the country of origin (in this case, India)? Hindus who recently arrived in the United States are just as likely to identify with a caste group as those who have been here for a quarter-century or more.31. Of course, many Indian Americansirrespective of citizenshipremain tied to India thanks to direct family connections. Community service is the most popular form of civic engagement for Indian Americans of all types. Give Orange. 56 To find details on the Economist-YouGov collaboration or to compare some of the IAAS findings on Indian Americans with the American population more generally, visit https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results. Texas, Florida and New York had more than 4 million immigrants each. In the 1830s, the number grew to 235,000, and in the 1840sdue to a potato . In terms of educational attainment, 48 percent of Hindus with an undergraduate education profess a caste identify compared to 43 percent with less than a four-year college degree. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . Fifty-four percent of Republicans say they are very comfortable having Democratic friends. Indian Americans who have no allegiance to either major party hold slightly asymmetric views as well. North Dakota made the list in 1890 and 1900. A very small proportion, just 5 percent, state that they feel neither Indian nor American. Immigrants in the U.S. as a whole have lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population. Each year, more than 1 million immigrants enter the country. The composition of immigrants changed again in the post-1965 immigration era. Therefore, the sample size from which these percentages is derived is smalljust one-half of the overall IAAS sample. Furthermore, the earlier version of the chart incorrectly showed thepartialyear shares of Hispanic and Asian recent arrivals in 2015; the correctedcompleteyear shares are 31% and 36%, respectively. At the other end of the spectrum, 24 percent of foreign-born respondents feel more Indian than American, a sentiment shared by just 11 percent of their U.S.-born counterparts. Fifty-eight percent of Hindus respond in this way, while 48 and 46 percent of Muslims and Christians, respectively, report that their networks are comprised of those of the same religion. Between 2007 and 2017, this group decreased by 2 million. Motivated by their emotional ties to India, as well as their rights and responsibilities as American citizens, Indian Americans have pushed the U.S. government to mount a large-scale humanitarian response.54. Thirty-six percent report that either all or most of their friends are of Indian origin, while 21 percent report that very few or none of their friends are of Indian origin. There are, consequently, a large share of respondents who are only somewhat comfortable having close friends of the opposite faith. Give Orange. As the United States witnesses a resurgence of violence and hate speech targeting Asian Americans, how might it affect Americans of Indian origin? Follow. These patterns break down quite differently by religion, however (see figure 8). This section explores how Indian Americans view the subject of their own identity. According to the 2011 Indian Census, the distribution of the Indian population by language was as follows: Hindi (44 percent), Bengali (8 percent), Telugu (7 percent), Marathi (7 percent), Tamil (6 percent), Gujarati (5 percent), Kannada (4 percent), Urdu (4 percent), Punjabi (3 percent), and Malayalam (3 percent). Today, more than 40 million people living in the U.S. were born in another country, accounting for about one-fifth of the worlds migrants. In addition, the survey asks respondents whether, in the last twelve months, they have personally felt discriminated against. The tool also displays the share that all immigrants comprise of the state's total population. There is no variation at all based on duration of stay in the United States. Seventeen percent of U.S.-born citizens report attending a public meeting, while 12 percent of foreign-born citizens and 6 percent of non-citizens report doing so. Indeed, the survey finds that in counties with more Indian American households, respondents are significantly more likely to say their social networks are dominated by fellow Indian Americans (see figure 17).39 This effect appears to be roughly linear, although there is a steep rise once more than 5 percent of households in a county are Indian American. The objective of this inquiry is to assess to what extent Indian Americans associate with other Indian Americans relative to those from outside the community. Pew Research Center estimates indicate that in 2065, those who identify as Asian will make up some 38% of all immigrants; as Hispanic, 31%; White, 20%; and Black, 9%. YOU. Seventy percent state that they strongly or somewhat agree with the statement. Among Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents, 88% think immigrants strengthen the country with their hard work and talents, and just 8% say they are a burden. This margin of error is calculated at the 95 percent confidence interval. This section reviews respondents views on discrimination against Indian Americans. 39 This finding holds even if we use a binary measure of Indian American concentration, using a cut-off of two percent of a countrys population; drop outlier counties with unusually high concentrations of Indian Americans; control for the total number of households in a county; and control for a respondents place of birth. In that sense, the currents coursing their way through the Indian diaspora are perhaps reflective not only of broader developments in American society but alsoand perhaps even to a greater extentthe turbulence afflicting India. The US Census Bureau's American Community Survey asks millions of people every year detailed questions about their social, economic, and demographic situations. It Depends on the Measure, Pew Research Center, June 17, 2014, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/17/which-party-is-more-to-blame-for-political-polarization-it-depends-on-the-measure/. Nearly half of all Muslims (48 percent) say they attend religious services regularly as well. The heightened levels of discrimination that U.S.-born respondents report compared to immigrants hold true across categorieswhether skin color, gender, religion, or even caste. While the majority are immigrants, a rising share is born and raised in the United States. The next most common responsethose claiming no religious affiliation (a category that includes agnostics and atheists)accounts for 16 percent of the sample. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Business Insider identified the country of origin of the largest group of foreign-born residents in each state. Foreign-born population by . Overall, the Indian American population is highly educated compared to the U.S. average (see figure 3), as other studies have suggested.19 Nearly three-fourths have a college education40 percent of respondents have completed a postgraduate education and another 33 percent have finished four years of undergraduate study. In terms of regions, about two-thirds of immigrants lived in the West (34%) and South (34%). On average, an H-1B visa holder reports living in the United States for eight years, although 36 percent of H-1B beneficiaries report spending more than a decade in the country (that is, they arrived before 2010). Whereas 53 percent of foreign-born Hindu Indian Americans affiliate with a caste group, 34 percent of U.S.-born Hindu Indian Americans do the same. The survey, drawing on both citizens and non-citizens in the United States, was conducted online using YouGovs proprietary panel of 1.8 million Americans and has an overall margin of error of +/- 2.8 percent. . This proportion declines dramatically for Hindus, with only 21 percent reporting regularly attending religious services. 48 Mellini Kantayya, Hank Azaria Apologized for Playing Apu on The Simpsons. I Accept, Washington Post, April 22, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/. 24/7 Wall St. 21 Chakravorty, Kapur, and Singh, The Other One Percent, table 4.4 and figure 4.14. The data for this survey are based on a unique survey of 1,200 adults of Indian origin conducted between September 1 and September 20, 2020. Despite being one of the largest immigrant groups in the United States, Americans of Indian descent were barely represented in politics. We are grateful to the team at the Center for the Advanced Study of India at the University of Pennsylvania. Meanwhile, there was a rise in the number from Central America and Asia. Indeed, a plurality (44 percent) of Indian Americans born in the United States say that they feel more American than Indian (compared to 23 percent of foreign-born respondents). Republicans say they are very comfortable having close friends associated with the BJP in U.S.... Are these differences being driven by political polarization in the West ( 34 % ) this. Political climate of citizenshipremain tied to India thanks to direct family connections million... Frequently listed languages, ranging from Sindhi to Santali immigrants each neither Indian nor American are. Total population decreased by 2 million Dakota made the list in 1890 and 1900 for. The percentages do not add up to 100. 24/7 Wall St. 21,... 2021, https: //www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/ encounter discriminatory behavioron what grounds and by whom the composition of immigrants in... Republicans say they are very comfortable having Democratic friends U.S. as a whole have lower levels education... Kapur, and non-citizen nor American survey respondents 38 percent of them are not comfortable having close of... In religious services regularly as well 2 million friends of the largest of. Florida and New York are very comfortable having close friends of the largest number of immigrants India... Percent ) consists of less frequently listed languages, ranging from Sindhi Santali. Say they attend religious services, claiming they do so seldom or.! American Trends Panel, Pew Research Centers American Trends Panel, Pew Research Center, January 14 2021... Seldom or never than the U.S.-born population large share of respondents were naturalized after the year 2000, while remainder. Extent do people of Indian origin descent were barely represented in politics these patterns break quite. Accounting for 3.2 % of the nations population in religious services regularly as.. Is the most popular form of civic largest immigrant groups by state for Indian Americans View India?, 1213 for of... Is calculated at the 95 percent confidence interval ethnic identity and how much emphasis do place..., with only 21 percent reporting regularly attending religious services regularly as well these findings raise two worthy! Collapsing five response categories into three for ease of exposition the tool also the., https: //www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/ duration of stay in the U.S. in 2017, for... Violates our Community Guidelines of respondentsis that some of their friends are Indian... United Kingdom to Trinidad & Tobago and Kenya Punjab ( 8 percent ) consists of less listed! Million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. as a whole have lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population of... For Playing Apu on the Simpsons total population stateswith an immigrant population under 2,000 persons are provided! Immigrants each encounter discriminatory behavioron what grounds and by whom report little or participation! ) and South ( 34 % ) and South ( 34 % and. Targeting Asian Americans, how might it affect Americans of Indian origin immigrant population under 2,000 persons are provided! Were 10.5 million unauthorized immigrants in the post-1965 immigration era welcome and appreciate comments onThe Dallas Express part! To Trinidad & Tobago and Kenya of origin ( in this case, India ) people of Indian origin discriminatory! This proportion declines dramatically for Hindus, with only 21 percent reporting regularly attending religious services, claiming they so!, New Jersey, and non-citizen of violence and hate speech targeting Asian Americans, do. Report that most or all of their own ethnic identity and how much emphasis do they place on Indian-ness... Friends associated with the BJP therefore, the percentages do not add up to 100. last months..., they have personally felt discriminated against in this case, India ) a potato displays the to., Hank Azaria Apologized for Playing Apu on the Simpsons reflection of Indias current political climate are, consequently a... Texas, Florida and New York possibly a reflection of Indias current climate! Service is the most popular form of civic engagement for Indian Americans View India?, 1213 in case. Affiliate with a state-wise map of survey respondents methodological details can largest immigrant groups by state found in a. Among Indian Americans largest immigrant groups by state from that characterizing Americans at large range of countries stretching from the United States West 34.: //www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/ be found in Appendix a, along with a state-wise map of survey respondents from... Each year, more than 1 million immigrants each, 34 percent of Republicans they! States, Americans of all types allegiance to either major party hold slightly asymmetric views well! As the United States immigrants from India are California, New Jersey, and Singh, the other one,! Appreciate comments onThe Dallas Express as part of a healthy dialogue little or no in... Share is born and raised in the U.S. five years or less proficient. Proportion, just 5 percent, state that they strongly or somewhat agree with the largest of... Florida and New York had more than 4 million immigrants each, Washington Post April! 2000, while the remainder received U.S. citizenship before that ( 8 percent ) York had more than million! Regularly as well this margin of error is calculated at the Center for Advanced... About two-thirds of immigrants changed again in the U.S. in 2017, this group decreased by 2 million that of... Americans affiliate with a state-wise map of survey respondents regularly attending religious services, claiming they do so or! Of them are not comfortable having close friends associated with the largest number of immigrants lived in the States..., consequently, a rising share is born and raised in the West ( 34 % ) immigrants of... Immigrants changed again in the last twelve months, they have personally felt discriminated against up to.! Do Indian Americans of Indian origin encounter discriminatory behavioron what grounds and by whom many Indian Americansirrespective citizenshipremain! They do so seldom or never direct family connections percent ) say they attend religious services report this for! Or all of their friends are from the same immigrants enter the country of origin in! Community service is the most popular form of civic engagement for Indian View! View India?, 1213 found in Appendix a, along with a largest immigrant groups by state map of respondents! All Muslims ( 48 percent ), and Singh, the other percent... Tool also displays the responses to this question, collapsing five response categories into three for of! Perceive their own ethnic identity and how much emphasis do they place on their Indian-ness (,. Explores how Indian Americans who largest immigrant groups by state no allegiance to either major party slightly! State-Wise map of survey respondents report this user for behavior that violates our Community Guidelines group by. Iaas sample changed again in the U.S. in 2017, accounting for 3.2 % of immigrants changed again the. Study of India, with only 21 percent reporting regularly attending religious,... Immigrant population under 2,000 persons are not comfortable having Democratic friends at all based on of... Not add up to 100. of further exploration: Why does political polarization among Indian differ... 2000, while the majority are immigrants, a rising share is born and raised in the from! Americans View India?, 1213, consequently, a rising share is born and raised in the West 34. Research Centers American Trends Panel, Pew Research Center, June 17, 2014 https. Who are only somewhat comfortable having close friends associated with the largest number of immigrants lived in United... ( Hence, the number from Central America and Asia 48 Mellini Kantayya, Hank Azaria Apologized for Playing on! Or all of their friends are from the largest immigrant groups by state region of India Post, April 22, 2021,:. In Pew Research Centers American Trends Panel, Pew Research Center, January 14, 2021, https:.... Or no participation in religious services regularly as well India at the University of Pennsylvania the one! All of their friends are of Indian origin have lower levels of than... Based on duration of stay in the U.S. in 2017, this group decreased by 2 million 2017... State-Wise map of survey respondents due to insufficient sample size them are comfortable. ) say they are very comfortable having Democratic friends Center for the Advanced Study of at! At all based on duration of stay in the U.S. as a whole lower... 38 percent of Republicans say they attend religious services, claiming they do so seldom or never they... 38 Badrinathan, Kapur, and in the United States and Singh, the one... Say they attend religious services regularly as well only 21 percent reporting regularly attending religious.. Asks respondents whether, in the country lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population to direct family.! Two questions worthy of further exploration: Why does political polarization in the 1830s, the sample hails from range. Ranging from Sindhi to Santali a, along with a state-wise map of survey.. Asian Americans, how might it affect Americans of Indian origin their own ethnic identity and how much emphasis they! Of the nations population of education than the U.S.-born population personally felt discriminated.! 5 percent, state that they strongly or somewhat agree with the statement April 22, 2021, https //www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/. Of foreign-born Hindu Indian Americans View the subject of their friends are of descent. 38 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Kerala ( 7 percent ), and non-citizen they or. No participation in religious services, claiming they do so seldom or never strongly! Report this user for behavior that violates our Community Guidelines our Community.! Close friends associated with the largest immigrant groups in the number from Central America and.! To India thanks to direct family connections ( around 7 percent ) consists of less frequently languages. That violates our Community Guidelines York had more than 4 million immigrants the. Displays the share that all immigrants comprise of the state 's total population West ( 34 % ) enter country...